Brazilian Portuguese version and content validity of the Strengthening and Stretching for Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH)

Abstract Introduction The Strengthening and Stretching for Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH) program is a personalized, progressive 12-week exercise program for people with hand problems due to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients are provided with two guidance documents, the 'Patient Exercise Booklet' and the 'Personal Exercise Guide', to continue the exercises independently at home. Objective This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SARAH protocol into Brazilian Portuguese and validate its content. Methods The guidance documents 'Patient Exercise Booklet' and 'Personal Exercise Guide' of the SARAH program were translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The content validity was obtained by calculating the content validity index (CVI). Results The Brazilian version of the SARAH protocol reached semantic, idiomatic, conceptual, and cultural equivalences. The CVI was greater than 0.8, corresponding to a satisfactory index. The verbal comprehension was 4.9, showing good verbal comprehension ofthe target population. Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SARAH protocol is available to Brazilian people with compromised hands due to RA with satisfactory content validity.

The impact of Chikungunya chronic arthralgia on women's upper limbs motor function: a cross-sectional study / O impacto da artralgia crônica pós-Chikungunya na função motora dos membros superiores de mulheres: um estudo transversal / El impacto de la artralgia crónica poschikunguña en la función motora del miembro superior de mujeres: un estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Post-Chikungunya chronic arthralgia (PCCA) may lead to musculoskeletal repercussions and functional loss. The objective was to assess the upper limb physical disability and symptoms during daily, work, and leisure activities of women presenting PCCA compared to healthy controls (HC). This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 52 women. The participants were divided into PCCA (37) and HC (15) groups. Handgrip strength, range of motion, level of pain (numerical rating scale), and participants' physical disability and symptoms (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire - DASH) were evaluated. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Students t-test and Pearson's correlations. The chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. The significance was set at α=0.05. The disease duration was 19.5±13.1 months. We found no differences between groups for peak force (PCAA:23.6±7.4kgf; HC: 24.5±6.2kgf; p=0.676). The results showed a significant difference between groups regarding range of motion (PCCA: 63.5±17.3o; HC: 77.2±9.6o), level of hand pain (PCCA: 5.8±2.2; HC: 0.4±1.5), and upper limbs functional levels (PCCA: 44.5±17.4; HC: 16.2±20.5). Participants related severe difficulty or inability to perform tasks such as opening a jar (78.4%), placing objects above head height (48.7%), doing heavy household chores (56.8%), and gardening (51.4%). Impairment in the upper limb physical function in daily, work, and leisure activities shows the higher prevalence in the long-term.

RESUMO A artralgia crônica pós-Chikungunya (ACPC) pode gerar repercussões musculoesqueléticas e perda funcional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incapacidade física e os sintomas de membros superiores de mulheres com ACPC durante atividades diárias, laborais e de lazer comparadas aos controles saudáveis (CS). Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal conduzido com 52 mulheres. As participantes foram divididas entre os grupos com ACPC (37) e CS (15). Foram avaliados força de preensão, amplitude de movimento (ADM), nível de dor (escala numérica de dor) e incapacidade física e sintomas por meio do Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Dash). Diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste t de Student e correlações de Pearson. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para variáveis categóricas e α=0,05 foi estabelecido como nível de significância. Verificou-se que a duração da ACPC foi de 19,5±13,1 meses. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para a força pico (ACPC: 23,6±7,4kgf; CS: 24,5±6,2kgf; p=0,676). Os resultados demonstraram diferença significativa entre os grupos em termos de ADM (ACPC: 63,5±17,3o; CS: 77,2±9,6o), nível de dor nas mãos (ACPC: 5,8±2,2; CS: 0,4±1,5) e níveis funcionais dos membros superiores (ACPC: 44,5±17,4; CS: 16,2±20,5). As participantes relataram extrema dificuldade ou incapacidade para realizar tarefas como abrir um pote (78,4%), colocar objetos em um local acima da cabeça (48,7%), realizar atividades domésticas pesadas (56,8%) e atividades de jardinagem (51,4%). Conclui-se que a função física dos membros superiores durante as atividades diárias, laborais e de lazer constitui o maior comprometimento apresentado a longo prazo.

RESUMEN La artralgia crónica poschikunguña (ACPC) puede tener como efecto repercusiones musculoesqueléticas y pérdida funcional. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la discapacidad física y los síntomas de miembros superiores de mujeres con ACPC durante las actividades diarias, laborales y de ocio en comparación con controles sanos (CS). Por ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 52 mujeres. Las participantes se dividieron en los grupos ACPC (37) y CS (15). La fuerza de agarre, el rango de movimiento (ROM), el nivel de dolor (escala numérica de dolor), la discapacidad física y los síntomas se evaluaron mediante el Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Dash). Las diferencias entre los grupos se evaluaron con la aplicación de la prueba t de Student y las correlaciones de Pearson. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y se estableció como nivel de significación α=0,05. Se encontró que la duración de la ACPC fue de 19,5±13,1 meses. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos para la fuerza máxima (ACPC: 23,6±7,4kgf; CS: 24,5±6,2kgf; p=0,676). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los grupos respecto al ROM (ACPC: 63,5±17,3o; CS: 77,2±9,6o), el nivel de dolor en la mano (ACPC: 5,8±2,2; CS: 0,4±1,5) y los niveles funcionales de miembros superiores (ACPC: 44,5±17,4; CS: 16,2±20,5). Las participantes informaron una extrema dificultad o incapacidad para realizar tareas como abrir un frasco (78,4%), poner objetos en un lugar más alto (48,7%), realizar actividades domésticas pesadas (56,8%) y actividades de jardinería (51,4%). Se concluyó que la función física de los miembros superiores durante las actividades diarias, laborales y de ocio constituye el mayor compromiso a largo plazo.

Análise retrospectiva de um programa para cessação do tabagismo em município do leste mineiro: um estudo retrospectivo transversal / Retrospective analysis of a smoking cessation program in a municipality in eastern Minas Gerais: A cross-sectional retrospective study / Análisis retrospectivo de un programa para dejar de fumar en un municipio de Leste Mineiro: un estudio transversal retrospectivo

Introdução: O programa "Deixando de Fumar sem Mistérios" foi desenvolvido para ajudar os participantes a cessar o tabagismo. Objetivo: Avaliar o número de participantes que cessaram o tabagismo após 12 meses do programa "Deixando de Fumar sem Mistérios", mensurar o nível atual de dependência da nicotina dos que não cessaram o hábito e detectar os fatores envolvidos na falta de adesão ao programa. Metodologia: Entrevista foi realizada com 39 participantes do programa "Deixando de Fumar sem Mistérios" em um município mineiro, para a aplicação do teste de Fagerström e de questionário sobre o funcionamento do programa. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio do cálculo das frequências absolutas (n) e relativas (%). Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 23% relataram ter parado de fumar, 51% não faltaram às reuniões, e 74% declararam satisfação com o resultado do programa. O nível de dependência do tabaco dos participantes que não cessaram o tabagismo foi moderado (5,2±2,8 pontos), com consumo médio de 22,9±17,3 cigarros/dia e 35,0±15,5 anos de consumo. Os fatores que mais contribuíram para a falta de adesão foram questões logísticas (56%) e crenças pessoais (36%). Conclusão: O grau de satisfação com o programa foi elevado. A desatualização cadastral dificultou o contato com grande parte dos participantes, evidenciando a necessidade de adaptações logísticas para que o programa contribua mais efetivamente com a cessação do tabagismo dos participantes.

Introduction: The "Deixando de Fumar sem Mistérios" (Stop Smoking with no Mysteries) program was developed to help participants quit smoking. Objective: To assess the number of participants who quit smoking after 12 months of the "Deixando de Fumar sem Mistérios" program, measure the current level of nicotine dependence in those who did not stop smoking, and detect the factors involved in the lack of adherence to the program. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 39 participants of the program in a municipality in Minas Gerais to administer the Fagerström test and a questionnaire on the operation of the program. We analyzed the data by calculating absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. Results: Among the interviewees, 23% reported stopping smoking, 51% did not miss the meetings, and 74% declared satisfaction with the program results. The level of tobacco dependence among participants who did not quit smoking was moderate (5.2±2.8 points), with a mean consumption of 22.9±17.3 cigarettes/day and 35.0±15.5 years of use. The factors that contributed most to the lack of adherence were logistical issues (56%) and personal beliefs (36%). Conclusion: The level of satisfaction with the program was high. Outdated records made it difficult to contact most participants, evidencing the need for logistical adjustments so that the program can contribute more effectively to smoking cessation among the participants.

Introducción: El programa "Dejar de Fumar sin Misterios" fue desarrollado para ayudar a los participantes a dejar de fumar. Objetivo: Evaluar el número de participantes que dejaron de fumar después de 12 meses de programa "Dejar de Fumar sin Misterios", medir el nivel actual de dependencia a la nicotina de los que no dejaron de fumar y detectar los factores involucrados en la falta de adherencia al programa. Metodología: Se realizó una entrevista con 39 participantes del programa "Dejar de Fumar sin Misterios" en un municipio de Minas Gerais, para la aplicación de la prueba de Fagerström y un cuestionario sobre el funcionamiento del programa. El análisis de datos se realizó calculando frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%). Resultados: De los entrevistados, el 23% informó dejar de fumar, el 51% no faltaba a las reuniones y el 74% declaró estar satisfecho con los resultados del programa. El nivel de tabaquismo de los participantes que no dejaron de fumar fue moderado (5,2±2,8 puntos), con un consumo medio de 22,9±17,3 cigarrillos/día y 35,0±15,5 años de consumo de tabaco. Los factores que más contribuyeron a la falta de adherencia fueron aspectos logísticos (56%) y creencias personales (36%). Conclusión: Hubo un alto grado de satisfacción con el programa. La desactualización del registro dificultó el contacto con la mayoría de los participantes, evidenciando la necesidad de adaptaciones logísticas para que el programa contribuya de manera más efectiva a la deshabituación tabáquica de los participantes.

Adherence to physical activity in adults with chronic diseases: ELSA-Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the adherence and the factors that influence adherence to physical activity in adults with dyslipidemia, hypertension, or diabetes. METHODS The analyses were based on data collected at the baseline of the 14,521 participants from the study ELSA-Brasil aged between 35 and 74 years. The level of leisure time physical activity was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the influence of the demographic data, socioeconomic conditions, perceived health status, and access to exercise facilities in the neighborhood on adherence to physical activity. RESULTS Men with hypertension and dyslipidemia were more active than women. The results show that 17.8%, 15.1%, and 13.9% of the subjects who reported dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, respectively, adhere to the physical activity recommendations. The factors positively associated with adherence were higher education and income. Older individuals who reported poor perceived health, were overweight and obese, regularly smoked, and had fewer opportunities to exercise in the neighborhood presented lower adherence. CONCLUSIONS The number of adults with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes who adhere to the physical activity recommendations is very low. Higher education and income are positively associated with adherence, while age, excess body weight, negative perceived health, regular smoking, and lack of opportunity to exercise in the neighborhood were considered barriers to physical activity.

Effects of spironolactone in spontaneously hypertensive adult rats subjected to high salt intake

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of spironolactone on ventricular stiffness in spontaneously hypertensive adult rats subjected to high salt intake. INTRODUCTION: High salt intake leads to cardiac hypertrophy, collagen accumulation and diastolic dysfunction. These effects are partially mediated by cardiac activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. METHODS: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, 32 weeks) received drinking water (SHR), a 1 percent NaCl solution (SHR-Salt), or a 1 percent NaCl solution with a daily subcutaneous injection of spironolactone (80 mg.kg-1) (SHRSalt- S). Age-matched normotensive Wistar rats were used as a control. Eight weeks later, the animals were anesthetized and catheterized to evaluate left ventricular and arterial blood pressure. After cardiac arrest, a doublelumen catheter was inserted into the left ventricle through the aorta to obtain in situ left ventricular pressurevolume curves. RESULTS: The blood pressures of all the SHR groups were similar to each other but were different from the normotensive controls (Wistar = 109±2; SHR = 118±2; SHR-Salt = 117±2; SHR-Salt-S = 116±2 mmHg; P<0.05). The cardiac hypertrophy observed in the SHR was enhanced by salt overload and abated by spironolactone (Wistar = 2.90±0.06; SHR = 3.44±0.07; SHR-Salt = 3.68±0.07; SHR-Salt-S = 3.46±0.05 mg/g; P<0.05). Myocardial relaxation, as evaluated by left ventricular dP/dt, was impaired by salt overload and improved by spironolactone (Wistar = -3698±92; SHR = -3729±125; SHR-Salt = -3342±80; SHR-Salt-S = -3647±104 mmHg/s; P<0.05). Ventricular stiffness was not altered by salt overload, but spironolactone treatment reduced the ventricular stiffness to levels observed in the normotensive controls (Wistar = 1.40±0.04; SHR = 1.60±0.05; SHR-Salt = 1.67±0.12; SHR-Salt- S = 1.45±0.03 mmHg/ml; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Spironolactone reduces left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to high salt intake and ventricular stiffness in adult SHRs.